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Distribution and Development Status of High Purity Quartz Ore Resources in China

High purity quartz is a kind of mineral product which is purified by crystal, vein quartz, granite pegmatite and other ores as raw materials. It is widely used in information technology, high-end manufacturing, new energy and other strategic emerging industries. The ore deposit that can purify and produce high purity quartz is called high purity quartz raw material ore.
1. Types of high purity quartz raw materials
The ore types of high-purity quartz raw materials are very extensive, with hydrothermal vein quartz, white gangite, pegmatite, granite diorite weathered residual ore, and feldspar mica tailings, kaolin tailings, gold tailings and other tailings. Although the ore types are diverse, most of the high-purity quartz ore is produced in the ancient metamorphic rock series of Archean-Proterozoic biotite gneiss, granite gneiss, schist and so on. Under the control of Paleozoic-Mesozoic granitic magma activity, it experienced a long and slow metamorphic process and formed high-purity quartz with excellent quality.
2. Overview of high-purity quartz raw material mineral resources
At present, high purity quartz raw material deposits are mainly distributed in the United States, Norway, Australia, Russia, Mauritania, China, Canada and other 7 countries. According to statistics from the U.S. Geological Survey, by the end of 2019, the world's high-purity quartz raw material mineral resources will be about 73 million t, of which Brazil is the world's largest resource country with 21.11 million t, and the ore type is mainly natural crystal. The United States is the second largest resource country with 18.22 million t of resources, and the ore type is mainly granite pegmatite type quartz. Canada ranks third in the world, with a resource of 10 million t, and the ore type is mainly vein quartz.
China's high-purity quartz raw materials are mainly vein quartz and crystal, with a total resource of 6.85 million t, of which crystal resource is only 6900 t. China's high-purity quartz raw material deposits are mainly distributed in Hubei Qichun (Lingqiushan quartz ore (SiO2 content is 99.35), Jiangsu Donghai (SiO2 content is 99.19), Anhui Jingde (Longchuan quartz ore SiO2 content is 99.01) and Taihu Lake. Among them, Jiangsu Donghai has superior crystal quality, but its resources are nearly exhausted. In addition, it is also distributed in Fengyang, Anhui, Xinyi, Jiangsu and Altay, Xinjiang.
3, Typical high purity quartz ore in China
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01 Lingqiushan Vein Quartz Ore, Qichun County, Hubei Province
The Lingqiushan vein quartz deposit is located in Hengqe Town, about 20km northwest of Qichun County. It is of hydrothermal vein quartz type and formed by siliceous hydrothermal intrusion into biotite plagioclase gneiss, granitic gneiss and amphibolite of Hong'an Formation of Archean Dabie Mountain Group.
The 401 team of Hubei Provincial Capital Construction Committee explored the deposit from 1971 to 1973 and found 6 vein quartz ore bodies with a total of 3.874 million tons of vein quartz reserves. The results of borehole sampling analysis show that the ore is almost entirely composed of quartz with a crystal size of 1-2mm, containing trace pyrite, muscovite, sericite, chlorite, molybdenite, etc. Ore SiO2 purity> 99.35%,Al2O3<0.22%,Fe2O3<0.02%.
At present, the Lingqiushan Quartz Mine in Qichun County, Hubei Province holds the mining right of the deposit, open-pit mining, and its design mine scale is 15000 tons of ore per year.
02 Baishi Mountain Quartz Ore, Taihu County, Anhui Province
The deposit is a metamorphic hydrothermal vein quartz deposit, which is located in the Taihu-Mamiao ductile shear zone at the boundary between the South-Dabey high-pressure metamorphic belt and the Susong metamorphic complex, and its mineralization is controlled by ductile shear zone and brittle fracture.
Characteristics of the deposit: the deposit is divided into two sections: east and west, of which the east section is 165m long and 70~23m wide. The ore body in the west section is 140m long and 72m wide. The mineral composition of the ore is mainly Shi Ying, and the content is mostly above 98% ~ 99%, with an average of 98.76. Part of the ore contains a small amount of muscovite, potassium feldspar, the content of 1% ~ 3%.
The vein quartz ore of this deposit has been floated with SiO299.92%, Al2O30.0074% and Fe2O30.0017%, which meets the quality requirements of high purity quartz.
Ore-forming model: ductile shear zone was formed in the early stage, and then it underwent retrograde metamorphism of eclogite facies and amphibolite facies, resulting in a large amount of SiO2 solution, which underwent north-east to left type ductile shear deformation. These ore-bearing solutions migrated along the ductile shear zone under tectonic stress. Due to the change of temperature and pressure conditions near the lithologic interface of the brittle-ductile transition, SiO2 oversaturated zone formed deposits, after the formation of the ore body, it was damaged by the north-west fault structure.
03 Shandong Linyi Shaojiayu Vein Quartz Ore
The deposit is a magmatic hydrothermal vein quartz deposit, located in the vein quartz mineralization belt of the Luxi Uplift, which is vein-like and exists in the weak gneissic adamellite of the Songshan unit of the Aolaishan superunit.
Ore deposit characteristics: more than 4 vein quartz orebodies are found, and the orebodies are mostly compound lenticular and vein-like, often distributed in groups. Veins of vein quartz nearly parallel distribution can be seen on both sides of the large-scale main orebody. The single orebody is irregular vein-like or lenticular, partially cystic or beaded, and its trend is mostly NW or NE, which is consistent with the direction of regional tectonic line, the inclination angle is mostly 70 ° ~ 90 °, the pulse width is 1~6m, and the length is generally 50~1300m. The natural types of ore are quartz with crystal veins and quartz with Milky White veins. SiO2 content 99.09%~ 99.63%, average 99.28%,Al2O3 content 0.31%,Fe2O3 content 0.112%. The vein quartz in the region is formed by low temperature magmatic hydrothermal type.
Mineralization model: The crustal material of the Neo-Taiozoic Lvliang period was invaded by molten magma in a large area, forming silicon-rich hydrothermal fluid, providing a material source for the formation of vein quartz; accompanied by strong tectonic movement, forming a right-line translation deformation of the north-west trend and a left-line tectonic fissure of the north-north-east trend, providing a migration channel and ore holding space for the migration of silicon-rich hydrothermal fluid and formation of vein quartz, the silica-rich hydrothermal fluid migrates and precipitates in the tectonic fissures, and after the magmatic period, the vein quartz is formed due to the sudden drop of pressure and temperature.
4. Suggestions for the development of high purity quartz ore in China
First of all, in the direction of prospecting, should be based on domestic resources, vigorously strengthen the territory of the Archean-Proterozoic metamorphic rocks, especially in the Sulu-Dabie UHP metamorphic belt in the higher purity glass vein quartz, pegmatite, white gangite screening and carding, strengthen geological survey and quality evaluation; at the same time, should pay attention to the granite diorite, pegmatite and kaolin ore mining tailings of quartz. After the discovery of ores that can be used as raw materials for high-purity quartz, support geological prospecting units and mining enterprises to follow up prospecting in a timely manner, carry out beneficiation experiments, assess resource potential, and estimate resources.
Secondly, in order to ensure the high-purity quartz resources required by new innovative industries such as new materials and new energy, my country should break the single import channel of high-purity quartz sand and increase the import of high-purity quartz sand and products from Norway, Russia, Australia and other countries. In addition, domestic mining companies should be supported and encouraged to develop high-purity quartz raw materials in Mauritania and other countries through cooperation, expand the source channels of high-purity quartz, and maintain national strategic security.

High purity quartz is a kind of mineral product which is purified by crystal

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High purity quartz is a kind of mineral product which is purified by crystal

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